The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) were responsible for a multitude of war crimes leading to millions of deaths. War crimes ranged from sexual slavery and massacres to human experimentation, starvation, and forced labor, all either directly committed or condoned by the Japanese military and government.[6][7][8][9][10] Evidence of these crimes, including oral testimonies and written records such as diaries and war journals, has been provided by Japanese veterans.[11]
The Japanese political and military leadership knew of its military's crimes, yet continued to allow it and even support it, with the majority of Japanese troops stationed in Asia either taking part in or supporting the killings.[12]
^Rigg, Bryan Mark (2024). Japan's Holocaust: History of Imperial Japan's Mass Murder and Rape During World War II. Knox Press. pp. 13–14, 23, 54, 190–191, 289. ISBN9781637586884.
^Rigg, Bryan Mark (2024). Japan's Holocaust: History of Imperial Japan's Mass Murder and Rape During World War II. Knox Press. pp. 190–191, 276, 312. ISBN9781637586884.
^Rigg, Bryan Mark (2024). Japan's Holocaust: History of Imperial Japan's Mass Murder and Rape During World War II. Knox Press. pp. 13–14, 282, 294. ISBN9781637586884.
^"Japanese War Crimes". The National Archives (U.S.). 15 August 2016. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
^"Bibliography: War Crimes". Sigur Center for Asian Studies, George Washington University. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
^Gruhl, Werner (2007). Imperial Japan's World War Two: 1931–1945. Transaction Publishers. p. 85. ISBN978-0-7658-0352-8.
^Drea, Edward (2006). Researching Japanese War Crimes(PDF). National Archives and Records Administration for the Nazi Warcrimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group. p. 28. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
^Rigg, Bryan Mark (2024). Japan's Holocaust: History of Imperial Japan's Mass Murder and Rape During World War II. Knox Press. p. 266. ISBN9781637586884.